English Gcse Media Essay :: essays research papers

English GCSE Media Coursework 1. How does advertising reinforce gender stereotypes? Today in the late 1990’s we can not escape advertising it bombards us from all types of media and every aspect of our lives. It is a multibillion-pound industry that stereotypes genders and tells us what we could become if we use certain products. Men being portrayed as cool, tough, athletic and stylish reinforce the gender stereotypes. One advert I have studied which reinforces the male stereotype is an advertisement for ‘Old Spice, White Water’. The advertisement shows a businessman in a kyak kyacking down a white water rapid. This is stereotyping the male businessman by showing him as an adventurous and carefree person who wears ‘Old Spice, White Water’. So this campaign is obviously aimed at businessmen who see them selves as adventurous and care free. Another advertisement I have chosen to study that reinforces the male stereotype is an advertisement for an eau de toilette by ‘Givenchy’. This advertisement reinforces the male stereotype by showing a man in a space suit in outer space looking up beyond infinity. So as space men are looked upon as top class people who have achieved many peoples ambition to look down on the world this what he is portrayed as in the advertisement. The two advertisements reinforce gender stereotypes by showing the men as successful, and fearless. One is a business man kyaking and the other is an astronaut. For males this is how advertisements reinforce gender stereotypes. ‘Givenchy’ stereotypes Women as elegant, perfect and classy as in an advertisement for a perfume called ’Organza’. The same stereotypical role is also taken up in most other advertisements aimed at women. The woman in the advertisement for ‘Organza’ is pictured next to an enlarged picture of the bottle for the perfume. Both look similar with the curves of the body being translated into the shape of the bottle. Also the pleats in the dress are mimicked too. The background in the design is smooth and gentle showing and increasing the elegance of the woman. So this still and gentle setting is how advertisers stereotype females in advertisements. As advertising advances though advertisers are using reverse stereotyping to attract attention to their advertisement out of many. One advertisement I have studied that imposes this reverse stereotyping is an advertisement for a larger with a young woman in a snooker club leaning against a snooker table.

Miss Lonelyhearts

The focus of Miss Lonelyhearts begins with the American Dream and the frailty of the people whose lives have been spent trying to achieve the American Dream, only to have lost everything during the Depression.   West paints the American Dream as an illusion, one that seems unachievable, particularly after reading the many letters written to him.   The letters depress him.   Miss Lonelyhearts starts to believe that there is no true happiness, no true love in the world. He seeks out companionship as a physical release, but nothing more.   This depression leads Miss Lonelyhearts to search for something that may bring good in the world, and turns to Christ.   Through Miss Lonelyhearts, West is addressing a central dilemma facing modern man; having abandoned God, where do people turn to for answers? Turning to Christ does not seem to provide resolve for Miss Lonelyhearts, as he even feels that he and the world fail at religion.   He initially turns to Christ when his boss, Shrike, mocks him by writing a prayer that compares Miss Lonelyhearts to Christ.   Miss Lonelyhearts thinks that perhaps Christ can help him to help these people, but knows that ultimately the suffering of others will be more than he can bear. He knows that he is not Christ, although he tries desperately to emulate the Christian faith, through the sacrifice of a lamb, which doesn’t work.   Miss Lonelyhearts is trying to find order in a chaotic world.   The world exists as one in which faith should have the ability to save people, but it won’t.   Miss Lonelyhearts creates this order in a manner to deal with the chaos and depression.   Miss Lonelyhearts believes that it is this very modern world that is killing itself. Miss Lonelyhearts does not attach emotion to people or relationships.   The other people in his life are there for a purpose.   Betty represents the order that he thinks that he and the world need.   Emotion is not something that Miss Lonelyhearts displays in any way other than when he is angry.   He appears to be trying to get himself out of his current situation, but the depression of his readers suggests to him that there is no hope, only despair.   Christ could not provide a way out for him and turns instead to sex.   His admission that he does not believe in Christ appears to come from his refusal to acknowledge the sin in his own life. Even with women and during sex, it is not as though he longs for their companionship or is even excited by their presence.   It seems as though it is just another task in his day.   It is a physical release.   The people who write to Miss Lonelyhearts did not represent a world where love could exist.   Rather, they represented a world where hearts get broken and dreams vanish. Miss Lonelyhearts lets the world beat him down.   His boss is never kind or reassuring.   His coworkers mock him and remind him that he must not be a man, given the position that he works in.   Even punched in a bar, he does not retreat, but barely even notices.   He is emasculated by Mary and others, as he retreats further and further into himself and his world. When all else fails, Miss Lonelyhearts removes himself to the country in one more attempt to free himself from this suffering.   His retreat is also to nature, as nature may help the world heal itself.   His suffering is revealed in his illness in the country.   As he endures his suffering it is reminiscent of Christ.   He endures the suffering and takes on the suffering of others.   In his illness, he realizes that even leaving his job would not relieve him of this suffering, because it is now part of him.   This suffering is leaving him numb.   He even begins to feel like stone. His three day illness is representative of the death of Christ. Miss Lonelyhearts returns to the city a stronger man, ready to face his battle.   He seems resigned to accept Christ into his life, seems to know that his suffering is nearly over.   His religious experience joins him with God and makes him faithful, ready to embrace life.  Ã‚   Miss Lonelyhearts decision to embrace God and life brings him the peace he needs that frees him from the suffering of his life. The Christian faith plays a major role in Miss Lonelyhearts.   Miss Lonelyhearts displays his obsession with Christ with the picture of Christ that is hung on his walls.   He takes the disorder of the world and tries to create a cross with it.   He tries to reproduce the sacrifice of Christ by sacrificing a lamb.   Ultimately, Miss Lonelyhearts fails his mission and he feels he has failed most of his life.   His failed sacrifice of the lamb represents the failure of religion in the modern world and the failure of Miss Lonelyhearts to live up to the Christian faith.   The stone, as used by Miss Lonelyhearts to sacrifice the lamb, is a repetitive theme in the novel. Miss Lonelyhearts speaks of the relevance of stone to him when he states that man breaks stones â€Å"desperately, almost as if they know that the stones would someday break them.†Ã‚   Stones and rocks are also used to illustrate the cold nature of the world in which Miss Lonelyhearts lives.   His emotionless state is like that of a stone.   When he returns from the country, feeling like a stone, suggests that he feels stronger than he has ever felt before. Miss Lonelyhearts relationship with women is detached as is his relationship to the world.   Miss Lonelyhearts' brutal assault on Mrs. Doyle's face, â€Å"He kept hitting her until she stopped trying to hold him, then he ran out of the house.†Ã‚   Miss Lonelyhearts Christian mission is obscured by the oppression of those he tries to help.   His brutality towards Mrs. Doyle is the result of his repressed emotions and her voicing of his unspoken sexual feelings.   Mrs. Doyle had called Miss Lonelyhearts a fairy, again emasculating the man he was supposed to be. Miss Lonelyhearts is repulsed by individuals he views as grotesque, and finds himself driven toward violence in their presence.  Ã‚   His response to these individuals reveals the violence that he feels toward those that mock him or bully him.   The way in which they mock him, calling him a â€Å"leper licker,† leaves him feeling unsuitable for human kind. The manner in which female writers are discussed, as though they should be raped to teach them a lesson, combined with Miss Lonelyhearts's name, continuously remind us of his   emasculation. Miss Lonelyhearts is virtually a female writer himself, by name and his position as an advice columnist.   Miss Lonelyhearts is not treated like a male.   Even the women in his life can be cruel and overbearing.   Miss Lonelyhearts continued emasculation contributes to his anger and depression. Miss Lonelyhearts's job was considered to be a joke, an effort to laugh at the expense of   the victims of the world.   Miss Lonelyhearts considers himself to be a victim also.   He feels that he has been victimized professionally.   Because of Shrikes strong willed nature and his mockery of Miss Lonelyhearts faith, he feels that he is unable to provide any meaningful answers to the people who write to him for help.   This makes him the loneliest of all. The environment undergoes many transformations, as Miss Lonelyhearts reveals himself. Initially, Miss Lonelyhearts maintains a sterile environment, always seeking order in his world. The reveal shows a man who is struggling more than his writers would have known.   His is not a sinless world.   He was always seeking redemption from something and seeking redemption for others who suffered.   Miss Lonelyhearts is representative of the disillusionment that can be found in the American dream and the broken promises of religion, and society as a whole. The victims who write to Miss Lonelyhearts have dreams and wishes of a better life.   They have no resources to accomplish their dreams and no ability to work toward them, and their condition weakens.  Ã‚   He asserts that even their faith cannot help them, as his Christ dream could not help him.   His redemption, in the end, seems as simple as giving up as it does finding his faith. In an attempt to offer salvation to the crippling throng of humanity that writes him daily in the advice column of a big city newspaper, Miss Lonelyhearts became a self-anointed crucifixion figure, who dies tragically at the hands of someone he tried so desperately to help.   Having abandoned God, the newspaper has replaced traditional modes of seeking solace and compassion. Weighed in the balances of human suffering, the newspaper is found wanting. Religion that once provided man with some sense of security has been replaced by a hollow media.

Pillars of Citizenship in the U.S.

The pillars of citizenship in our country, the United States of America, have been constructed through three essential documents. The Declaration of Independence, US Constitution, and the Bill of Rights have furnished much of our countries civil rights and liberties of the US political system. The Declaration of Independence of 1776 was a document that stated official separation between the 13 colonies and Great Britain.The Declaration mainly argued for the colonies most central law, which was that â€Å"all men are created equal† and there are certain unalienable rights that governments need to respect such as the â€Å"right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. † It also argued â€Å"Intolerable Acts† would be considered unconstitutional under the new nation. It also argued if a government is not supporting the rights described in the document, citizens should and could overthrow that government as devoted citizens.The declaration of Independence was created to form a new government that’s main duty was to support the rights of citizens through only the power of the people that it represented. The US Constitution was constructed after we won our independence from Great Britain, which resulted in the formation of our new Government. It was the foundational document that setup all of our nations branches of our newly constructed Government. As a whole, this documents main purpose was the construction of our relationship between the Federal Government and the United States Citizens.When the US Constitution was constructed there was many debates between the Anti-Federalists and Federalists. The Anti-Federalists were scared that there would be to much Government regulation and the citizens would lose some of their rights. In regards to this, both sides agreed on the US constitution, but only if there would be a construction of a â€Å"Bill of Rights†. The Bill of Rights sole purpose was to maintain the United States ci tizens liberties including freedom of speech, religion and the right to a fair trial by a jury.In all, the construction of these documents each argued for the right of the US citizens to be treated with respect, fairness, and of course, equally. There were numerous abuses that were committed by King George III that are documented in the Declaration of Independence towards the colonists of the United States. In result to this, each of these documents were created because the colonists were tired of the King of Great Britain.

Disadvantages of Invasive Species essays

Disadvantages of Invasive Species essays Anything can disrupt and alter ecosystems. Huge benefactors of disrupting ecosystems are invasive species. Invasive species are plants, animals, or other organisms that are introduced to a given area outside their original range and cause harm in their new home (Delach). They are capable of mobbing aggressively and taking over resources of other species, such as sunlight, water, food, and space. They can "displace native plants and animals, disrupt ecological processes, threaten ecosystem stability, and alter both natural and man-made landscapes" ("Invasive Species Control"). Recently, more of these species was found invading and threatening the ecosystem of Arkansas. These species were first introduced to the United States as a benefactor and had spread throughout the country. Although invasive species were first introduced to be beneficial to the enviroment, economy, and public health, they cause more damage and harm in most cases. Invasive species are harmful to other native species and time, and money should be invested to prevent the continuous spread and damage caused. When non-native species from other ecosystems are introduced, they can upset the balance of an already-established ecosystem of plants and animals. Tamarisk was " first brought into the United States in the late 1800s and early 1990s as an ornamental shrub and as a stabilizing plant along streambeds, [however], the plant soon escaped its "boundaries" and spread prolifically" (Pieper). This invasive species has been sucking up more than its fair share of water along the Arkansas River. The plant is said to consume "over 800 billion gallons of water annually nationwide and is especially prevalent in the southwestern United States" (Pieper). Because it is an invasive species, the plant does not have any "natural enemies" to help control its population. Therefore, landowners along the Arkansas River and other connected states have undertaken a project to get rid o...

Writing a Personal Journal

Writing a Personal Journal A journal is a written record of incidents, experiences, and ideas. Also known as a  personal journal,  notebook, diary, and log. Writers often keep journals to record observations and explore ideas that may eventually be developed into more formal essays, articles, and stories. The  personal journal is  a very private document, says  Brian Alleyne, a place where the author records and reflects on lifes events. Knowledge of the self in the  personal journal is  retrospective knowledge and therefore potentially narrative self-knowledge (Narrative Networks, 2015). Observations The writers journal is a record of and workbook for your writing life. It is your repository for bits of experience, observation and thought destined for eventual use in one writing project or another. The entries in a personal journal tend to be abstract, but the entries in a writers journal should be concrete. (Alice Orr, No More Rejections. Writers Digest Books, 2004)All of us who keep journals do so for different reasons, I suppose, but we must have in common a fascination with the surprising patterns that emerge over the years- a sort of arabesque in which certain elements appear and reappear, like the designs in a well-wrought novel. (Joyce Carol Oates, interviewed by Robert Phillips. The Paris Review, Fall-Winter 1978)Think nothing too trifling to write down, so it be in the smallest degree characteristic. You will be surprised to find on reperusing your journal what an importance and graphic power these little particulars assume. (Nathaniel Hawthorne, letter to Horatio Bridge , May 3, 1843) Poet Stephen Spender: Write Anything I feel as though I could not write again. Words seem to break in my mind like sticks when I put them down on paper. . . . I must put out my hands and grasp the handfuls of facts. How extraordinary they are! The aluminum balloons seem nailed into the sky like those bolts which hold together the irradiating struts between the wings of a biplane. The streets become more and more deserted, and the West End is full of shops to let. Sandbags are laid above the glass pavements over basements along the sidewalk. . . . The best thing is to write anything, anything that comes into my mind until there is a calm and creative day. It is essential to be patient and to remember that nothing one feels is the last word. (Stephen Spender, Journal, London, September 1939) Orwells Notebook Entry Curious effect, here in the sanatorium, on Easter Sunday, when people in this (the most expensive) block of chalets mostly have visitors, of hearing large numbers of upper-class English voices. . . . And what voices! A sort of over-fedness, a fatuous self-confidence, a constant bah-bahing of laughter abt nothing, above all a sort of heaviness and richness combined with a fundamental ill will. (George Orwell, notebook entry for April 17, 1949, Collected Essays 1945-1950) Functions of a Journal Many professional writers use journals, and the habit is a good one for anybody interested in writing, even if he or she has no literary ambitions. Journals store perceptions, ideas, emotions, actions- all future material for essays or stories. The Journals of Henry Thoreau are a famous example, as are A Writers Diary by Virginia Woolf, the Notebooks of the French novelist Albert Camus, and A War-time Diary by the English writer George Orwell. If a journal is really to help you develop as a writer, youve got to do more than compose trite commonplaces or mechanically list what happens each day. You have to look honestly and freshly at the world around you and at the self within. (Thomas S. Kane, The New Oxford Guide to Writing. Oxford University Press, 1988) Thoreaus Journals As repositories of facts, Thoreaus journals act like a writers warehouse in which he indexes his stored observations. Here is a typical list: It occurs to me that these phenomena occur simultaneously, say June 12, viz:Heat about 85 at 2P.M. True summer. Hylodes cease to peep. Purring frogs ( Rana palustris) cease. Lightning bugs first seen. Bullfrogs trump generally. Mosquitoes begin to be really troublesome. Afternoon thunder-showers almost regular. Sleep with open window (10th), and wear thin coat and ribbon neck. Turtles fairly and generally begun to lay. [15 June 1860] In addition to their function as storage, the journals constitute a complex of processing plants as well, where the notations become descriptions, meditations, ruminations, judgments, and other types of studies: From all points of the compass, from the earth beneath and the heavens above, have come these inspirations and been entered duly in the order of arrival in the journal. Thereafter, when the time arrived, they were winnowed into lectures, and again, in due time, from lectures into essays (1845-1847). In short, in the journals, Thoreau negotiates the transformation of facts into forms of written expressions that have entirely different orders of resonance . . .. (Robert E. Belknap, The List: The Uses and Pleasures of Cataloguing. Yale University  Press, 2004) A Contrarians View People ask whether I use a notebook, and the answer is no. I think a writers notebook is the best way there is to immortalize really bad ideas, whereas the Darwinian process takes place if you dont write anything down. The bad ones float away, and the good ones stay. (Stephen King, quoted in Whats on Stephen Kings Dark Side? by Brian Truitt. USA Weekend, October  29-31, 2010) Are Journal-Keepers Introspective or Self-Absorbed? Some people like to keep a journal. Some people think it’s a bad idea. People who keep a journal often see it as part of the process of self-understanding and personal growth. They don’t want insights and events to slip through their minds. They think with their fingers and have to write to process experiences and become aware of their feelings. People who oppose journal-keeping fear it contributes to self-absorption and narcissism. C.S. Lewis, who kept a journal at times, feared that it just aggravated sadness and reinforced neurosis. Gen. George Marshall did not keep a diary during World War II because he thought it would lead to self-deception or hesitation in reaching decisions. The question is: How do you succeed in being introspective without being self-absorbed? (David Brooks, Introspective or Narcissistic? The New York Times, August 7, 2014)

Edith Stern Attacks the Domestic Bondage of Women and 27-2, Vance Essay

Edith Stern Attacks the Domestic Bondage of Women and 27-2, Vance Packard Analyzes the Age of Affluence - Essay Example They cook, clean and take care of children with no law whatsoever protecting them, unlike how there are labor unions and legislation governing the wage of workers in industries and factories. This fact means that they can go unpaid for the whole time they work at home. They will have no grounds on which they can demand a salary from either their husbands or children.1 Another objection to the house bondage of women is the fact that there is no compensation in case of an accident. Houses are usually dangerous places to work. This hazardous condition comes from the fact that environmental and health workers are not allowed into homes. As such, poor ventilation, electrical wiring, plumbing, and fumigation are not top of class services offered by governments. They are individual works that are sometimes done wrongly. Any accident that occurs in the house from these and more hazards receives no compensation, unlike an accident that occurs in a factory. In plants, accidents led to the monetary compensation of workers and their families. In the American homes after the 1950s, accidents in the house follow the norm that was there during slavery. Every worker looked after themselves, and so do the housewives. The lack of regular rest periods in the housewife’s schedule exhausts her more than the ordinary factory worker. She gets to work for more than fourteen hours a day and rest for less than eight hours. The lack of rest is due to the ever-present activities to accomplish within the regular routine of a home. They have to prepare meals all for the day, clean dishes, and trim flowers and do the laundry work. These activities are repeated each and every day, and are treated as regular routine. She gets lesser resting hours than the men working in factories. This work makes her home more than just a place to rest. It is viewed as a place of bondage and limited freedom, with extreme working conditions and long working hours. The women in the self-implied

UK Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

UK Constitutional Law - Essay Example "The special pre eminence which the king hath over and above all other persons and out of the ordinary course of the common law, in right of his legal dignity. It signifies, in its etymology (from Latin prae and rogo) something that is required or demanded before or in preference to all others." "The residue of discretionary or arbitrary authority which at any time is legally left in the hands of the Crown.Every Act which the executive government can lawfully do without the authority of an Act of Parliament is done in virtue of this prerogative (Dicey,1885) Notably Dicey's definition, unlike that of Blackstone's admits that the prerogative power is residual, inherent and particular to the Crown. In addition to this if we adopt Blackstone's classification it is possible to decipher two kinds of these powers as in the Sphere of "Domestic Affairs" and secondly in the matter of "Foreign Affairs". The powers or prerogatives inherent for a Monarch in the matter of Domestic Affairs are, the summoning and dissolution of Parliament, the appointment of a Prime Minister and all the other Ministers, the Royal Assent to bills, the granting of honours, defence of the realm (issues of national security),parens patriae over children, the power to stop criminal prosecutions, the power of mercy/pardoning of offenders, control of the civil service and of the royal fisheries. In the matter of foreign affairs these powers include treaty making provisions, Declarations of war and peace, state recognition, diplomatic relations and control of the armed forces engaged in combat outside the country. The background and the logic behind prerogatives can be explained in a rather historical context , ", the medieval monarchy was both feudal lord and head of the kingdom. As such, the King had powers accounted for by the need to preserve the realm against external foes and an 'undefined residue of power which he might use for the public good'. He could exercise the 'royal prerogative' and impose his will in respect of decision-making. Moreover certain royal functions could be exercised only in certain ways. The common law courts were the King's courts and only through them could the King decide questions of title to land and punish felonies. Yet the King possessed a residual power of administering justice through his Council where the courts of common law were insufficient."1 As far as the sovereign's personal prerogatives are concerned this will be the main issue of scrutiny within this paper. The Crown's personal prerogative powers are mainly recognised under the common law as the power to appoint the Prime Minister that is a person who will be in the best position to receive the support of the majority in the House of Commons. Practically however the Queen/King will have no impact on the political orientation of such a sovereign.2Secondly, the Monarch has the power to dissolve the parliament and allow for re-elections in certain circumstances.3 The third prerogative relates to the