Butler Lumber Company Case Study - 1644 Words

Butler Lumber Company Case Study Hoffmeister M-W 4:30 – 5:45 Group #3 Sam Rosenbaum Joel Valenti Meg Lee Stephanie Grob Butler Lumber Company Summary of Facts. Butler Lumber Company is a Pacific Northwest based lumber distributor that sells plywood, moldings, and sash and door products. The sole owner of Butler Lumber is Mark Butler, accompanied by one administrative assistant and ten employees who focus on repairs and labor intensive work. Because of Butler Lumber’s competitive pricing scheme, it has seen rapid growth in the past few years. Due to the rapid growth and a shortage of cash in 1990, Butler Lumber Company is seeking to take out an additional loan in order for the business to sustain itself and grow in the coming†¦show more content†¦Mr. Butler could alternatively choose to take the unsecured revolving 90-day note of $465,000 at 10.5% interest from Northrop National Bank. The apparent advantages are: it is a more flexible option, it is an unsecured loan that requires no collateral from Mr. Butler, and it is of a larger amount. The big disadvantages are: the termination of the banking relatio nship between Butler Lumber and Suburban National Bank, and the increased interest expense on the loan. Another disadvantage of establishing a LOC with Northrop National Bank is the possibility of restrictions on the company stating that the net working capital be maintained at a level agreed upon by both parties and any increase in fixed assets with approval by Northrop. Also there would be limitations on withdrawals of funds from the business by Mr. Butler. Another concern with the loan is that Butler Lumber would need to draw additional loans from Northrop because the company is unable to pay back the loan amount within the 90 day period due to the lack of cash and liquid assets. -Why does Butler Lumber have a cash shortage problem to begin with ,and are they currently using their existing funds efficiently? The â€Å"Sources and Uses of Funds brings forth a snapshot of the company’s cash flows and illustrates the reason behind Butler Lumber’s cash deficit. For the past two years, Butler LumberShow MoreRelatedButler Lumber Company (Case Study)1788 Words   |  8 PagesBUTLER LUMBER COMPANY CASE REPORT Francis Davidson Tanguay Paula Zalba Dounia Tazimezalek Carl Helou Applied Corporate Finance Larbi Hammami McGill University, Montreal Tuesday, May 14th, 2013 1. Problem 1.1 Why was sales growth so robust, but net income growth anemic at best? 1.2 Does Mr.Butler need additional funding to fuel his growth? 1.3 Why does butler lumber have a cash shortage problem to begin with? 1.4 Could the cash flows of Butler Lumber support additional debt? 1.5 Should butler lumberRead MoreButler Lumber Company Case Study Report6120 Words   |  25 Pages| Corporate Finance Case Study Report â…   | Butler Lumber Company | | | 2010-3-17 | | 陈æ€ ¡ 1091209054 ä ¸ ¥Ã¤ ¼Å¸Ã¦ ´  1091209036 Ã¥ §Å"Ã¥ ¸â€  1091209052 æ•â€"ç ¿â€ 1091209024 Abstract In this report, we study the case of Butler Lumber Company and analyze the financing problem it was facing. First, we give a brief review of the background information of the company. Then we diagnose the business by examining its financial statistics and discover that company was seriously lacking of cashRead MoreButler Lumber1443 Words   |  6 PagesButler Lumber Case Study I. Statement of Financial Problem Butler Lumber Company, a growing profitable business has exhausted its credit limit and the key issues facing it are: 1. Need for additional funds to continue the growth 2. Need to consolidate debt 3. Need to improve cash flexibility. In this case study I  will be discussing following problem: Why has Butler Lumber been profitable in the increasing volume of sales but at the same time it is experiencing cash difficultiesRead MoreEssay about Butler Lumber Case Study Solution644 Words   |  3 PagesButler Lumber Case Study Solution Options: The Butler Lumber Company (BLC) could obtain from Suburban National Bank maximum loan of $250,000 in which his property would be used to secure the loan.   Northrop National Bank is considering BLC a line of credit (LOC) of up to $465,000.   BLC would have to sever ties with Suburban National if they were to have this LOC extended to them.       | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991Q1 | EBITDA coverage (times) | 2.5 | 2.26 | 2.15 | 2.1 | Debt Equity RatioRead MoreCase Study Butler Lumber3374 Words   |  14 PagesCase Study: Capital Budgeting Butler Lumber Company Abstract Butler Lumber Company, a lumber retailer with a rapid growth rate, is faced with the problem of cash flow shortage. In order to support this profitable business, BLC needs a great amount of cash. The loan of $250,000 from Suburban National and a line of credit of up to $465,000 from Northrop National Bank are the two choices provided. After a brief review of the operation and financial conditions of BLC, we first make analysis ofRead MoreButler Lumber Case Study Analysis Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesSubject: Butler Lumber Company Problem: Whether Mr. Mark Butler should go ahead with financing from Northrop National Bank or should stay with Suburban National Bank. Options: 1) Enter into a loan agreement with Northrop National Bank for USD 465,000 (Assumption: The condition to sever the relationship with Suburban National Bank applies to Short Term Loan only) Read MoreFord Motor Vep4377 Words   |  18 PagesCorporate Finance Case Study 1 Butler Lumber Company 王金明 1101289036 æ Å"é› ªÃ¥ · 1101289033 æ Å"金é ¹  1101289039 å‘ ¨ æ  ¨ 1101289040 Abstract In this report, we study the case of Butler Lumber Company and analyze the financing problem it was confronted. In the first part, we give a brief description of the company, including the development process, equity structure, several important financial ratios which shows the basic conditions of the firm. Then we talk about the dilemma the company was facing and giveRead MoreFord Motor Vep4363 Words   |  18 PagesCorporate Finance Case Study 1 Butler Lumber Company 王金明 1101289036 æ Å"é› ªÃ¥ · 1101289033 æ Å"金é ¹  1101289039 å‘ ¨ æ  ¨ 1101289040 Abstract In this report, we study the case of Butler Lumber Company and analyze the financing problem it was confronted. In the first part, we give a brief description of the company, including the development process, equity structure, several important financial ratios which shows the basic conditions of the firm. Then we talk about the dilemma the company was facing and give someRead MoreManagement and Teaching Note19520 Words   |  79 Pagesecch the case for learning case collections update 2007 Quarter 4 Visit the case search section of the ecch website at www.ecch.com to identify relevant cases from the ecch collection and view over 31,000 full text inspection copies. ecch provides a free monthly e-mail update service giving details of new cases from all sources. Visit www.ecch.com to subscribe. Economics, Politics and Business Environment 9-407-049 ALLIANZ AG: BECOMING A EUROPEAN COMPANY Lorsch, JW; Chernak, A HarvardRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 Pagesheard of. This is a logical result of the way in which our democratic society is organized. Vast numbers of human beings must cooperate in this manner if they are to live together as a smoothly functioning society. Our invisible governors are, in many cases, unaware of the identity of their fellow members in the inner cabinet. They govern us by their qualities of natural leadership, their ability to supply needed ideas and by their key position in the social structure. Whatever attitude one chooses to

A Short Note On Fernandopulle s Work Of Uninsured

Sered and Fernandopulle’s work of Uninsured in America brings awareness to the tainted health care system implemented by the United States. This book was completed in 2004 during the election year, at the time George W. Bush became president, and speaks for over 40 million Americans that lack basic health insurance. More than one hundred interviews were conducted with uninsured women, men, and their families as well as with a number of wellness centers, health care providers, and policy makers. Interviewee’s situations were highlighted as they describe their personal gravitational pull into death spirals as their diseases and conditions were left untreated, and their debt accumulated due to a deprivation of health insurance. The authors directly denunciate the development of the caste of the ill, infirm, and marginally employed to employment and health insurance. The authors state that, â€Å"the current American system in which health care is linked to employment is creating a caste of the chronically ill, infirm, and marginally employed.† (Sered and Fernandopulle, 2005, p. 15) They refer to the working poor as part of this caste because of the long-lasting immobility from the death spiral as well as recognizable physical features usually due to occupational conditions. People of this caste take on jobs that are part-time. Part-time work is both low paying and does not offer health insurance. There are many portals that pull individuals and their families into the

Carbon is one of the most important chemical eleme Essay Example For Students

Carbon is one of the most important chemical eleme Essay nts. Industry uses it in a wide variety of products, and all living things are based on carbon. Without carbon, life would be impossible! Yet carbon makes up less than 0.03 percent of the earths crust. Pure carbon exists in nature in the form of diamonds, and in graphite. Both forms are pure carbon with different crystal structures. Another form of pure carbon, called amorphous carbon, consists of graphite-like particles too tiny to see without a microscope. Diamonds and graphite have important industrial uses. But much of the carbon used in industry is amorphous carbon. Amorphous carbon and ash result when materials containing carbon are burned or heated without enough oxygen for them to burn completely. For example, if oil, natural gas, or other petroleum fuels are burned in limited supplies of air, powdery-black soot of amorphous carbon, called carbon black, is formed. Carbon black is used in rubber products and paint. Charcoal is used as a cooking fuel and ivory black, made by he ating ivory, is used as a pigment in paint. Most carbon occurs in combination with other elements. For example, the carbon dioxide in the air is a compound of carbon and oxygen. Other compounds containing carbon include minerals such as limestone, and fuels such as coal and petroleum. Carbon compounds make up the living tissues of all animals and plants. There are over one million known carbon compounds (still growing rapidly every year), which is over the sum total of all the other elements combined. The largest group of these compounds are the ones composed of carbon and hydrogen. Carbon also forms another series of compounds, which is classified as inorganic, but is a much smaller number than the organic compounds. These millions of compounds combine in various ways to produce an almost unlimited number of carbon-containing substances. Organic chemistry, which is the name given to the study of compounds made by and derived from living organisms, is primarily a study of carbon compounds. Carbon and its compounds are found widely dispersed in nature. It is estimated that carbon makes up 0.032% of the Earths crust. Free carbon is found in large deposits as coal, an amorphous form of the element that contains additional complex carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen compounds. Pure crystalline carbon is found as graphite and in small amounts as diamonds. Extensive amounts of carbon are found in the form of its compounds. In the atmosphere, carbon is present in amounts up to 0.03% by volume as carbon dioxide. Various minerals such as limestone, dolomite, marble, and chalk all contain carbon in the form of carbonate. All plant and animal life is composed of complex organic compounds containing carbon combined with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements. The remains of past plant and animal life are found as deposits of petroleum, asphalt, and bitumen. Deposits of natural gas contain compounds that are composed of carbon and hydrogen. The forms of pure carbon vary widely depending upon which crystal structure the atoms take. In diamond, the carbon atoms are arranged in a close framework that makes diamond one of the hardest substances known. Diamonds are used to cut other hard materials. However, graphite is so soft that it is widely used to lubricate moving machine parts. Its carbon atoms are arranged in flat sheets or layers that can easily slide back and forth over each other. Carbon has many other uses, ranging from ornamental applications of the diamond in jewelry to the black-colored pigment of carbon black in automobile tires and printing inks. Another form of carbon, graphite, is used for high-temperature crucibles, arc light and dry-cell electrodes, lead pencils, and as a lubricant. It is also used in fishing rods, golf clubs, and tent poles. Charcoal is used as an absorbent for gases and as a decoloring agent. .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c , .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c .postImageUrl , .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c , .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c:hover , .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c:visited , .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c:active { border:0!important; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c:active , .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0d23b7976945bfc403eef470a1f8258c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Lady of Shallot Lady of Shalotts EssayThe compounds of carbon also have many uses. Carbon dioxide is used for the carbonation of beverages, for fire extinguishers, and in the solid state as a refrigerant. Another oxide of carbon, carbon monoxide, finds use as a reducing agent for many metallurgical processes. Carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide are important solvents for industrial uses. Gaseous dichlorodifluoromethane, commonly known as Freon, is used in refrigeration devices. Calcium carbide is used to prepare acetylene, which is used for the welding and cutting of metals as well as for the preparation of other organic compounds. Other metal carbides find impor tant uses as refractories and metal cutters. At room temperature, pure carbon does not react chemically, but its compounds unite easily with other elements and compounds. Pure carbon will not dissolve in any common solvent. At higher temperatures, carbon combines with oxygen, sulfur, certain materials, and elements of the halogen group. Carbon also forms the many organic compounds, which usually contain hydrogen and may contain other elements. From the Latin word carbo, meaning charcoal, Carbon has been known since ancient times, but was never recognized as an element until much later. It has the chemical symbol C. It does not melt, but it sublimes at about 3500 C. That means that it changes from a solid directly into a gas. Carbons atomic number is 6 and its atomic weight is 12.011. The nucleus contains 6 protons, with 6 electrons orbiting the nucleus. The outer four electrons can take part in chemical bonding.Its most common type of atom, or isotope, carbon 12, was adopted in 1961 as the standard for atomic weights with an assigned weight of 12.0000. BibliographyCarbon. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology 3 BOR-CLE. McGraw-Hill.1992. Carbon. Colliers Encyclopedia 5 BURNAP to CHARM. P.F. Collier, L.P. 1995. Carbon. The Dorling Kindersley Science EncyclopediaDorling Kindersley Limited, London. 1993. Carbon. The World Book Encyclopedia C-Ch. World Book, Inc., USA. 1987. CHEMystery: The Periodic Table of the Elements. http://hyperion.advanced.org/3659/pertable/6.htmlDownloaded 10-26-98. Web Elements. http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/A-C/chem/web-elements/nofr-hist/C.html. Downloaded 10-26-98. Fun Facts about CarbonSymbol:CAtomic #:6Atomic Weight:12.01115Group #:14Very important elementNucleus contains 6 protons, with 6 electrons orbiting the nucleus and the outer four electrons can take part in chemical bondingAt least 1 million organic compounds, which is rapidly increasingMost common isotope Carbon 12Carbon makes up 0.032% of the Earths crustWithout carbon, life would be impossible!Pure carbon exists in nature in the form of diamonds, and in graphiteGraphite is used for high-temperature crucibles, arc light and dry-cell electrodes, lead pencils, as a lubricant, in fishing rods, golf clubs, and tent polesCharcoal is used as an absorbent for gases and as a decoloring agentCARBON IS FUN!!!

Blessing Imtiaz Dharker Analysis Essay Example

Blessing Imtiaz Dharker Analysis Paper The theme of this poem is very religious. This is shown from four references to religion. The first one being â€Å"blessing†, repeated twice, first on stanza 4 line 5 and in the title. This will imply to the reader that they are religious but not of any set religion of yet. The second one being â€Å"kindly god†, this shows to the reader that they are not of a Christian background and therefore are not Christian them selves. This is as Christian God would be spelt God, with a capital letter. For example the Greek god’s will be spelt â€Å"god† without a capital letter. This would then impact on the reader that these people are not Christian’s even though the Dharker uses the word â€Å"congregation†. The poet specifically uses this language too emphasise how this village is a multi-cultural place and highlights that there is not one set religion. â€Å"Congregation† is a Christian word that describes a gathering in a church this may contradict her statement about â€Å"god†, but it will enhance the idea of the settlement being a multi-cultural, missed religious place. We will write a custom essay sample on Blessing Imtiaz Dharker Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Blessing Imtiaz Dharker Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Blessing Imtiaz Dharker Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the poem â€Å"Blessing† Dharker uses the poetic technique onomatopoeia. The poet also uses the technique of sibilance. Blessing Imtiaz Dharker Essay Sample An example of onomatopoeia in â€Å"Blessing† is when Dharker says the word â€Å"splash† in stanza 2 line 2. Another example of this is when the poet uses the work â€Å"crashes†. Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it is describing as â€Å"crashes† sounds like the action it is describing. â€Å"Crashes† is describing how the water is slamming to the floor and making a crashing sound. I believe this implies to the reader that the poet is trying to set the scene in the readers mind. This emphasises how this was such a â€Å"blessing and it over-exaggerates the reaction of the people and how it affects them. This helps the reader feel what the people are feeling. Atmosphere in â€Å"Blessing† And â€Å"Island Man† Atmosphere in â€Å"Blessing† And â€Å"Island Man† Atmosphere in â€Å"Blessing† And â€Å"Island Man† Sibilance is were a poet would use a word or words containing â€Å"s† sounds and â€Å"sh† sounds. An example of sibilance in the poem would be â€Å"splash†. This gives the effect on the reader that they are hearing what the splash is actually sounding like and this develops an atmosphere in the reader’s mind, to help the reader hear what the people are hearing. This will demonstrate how the people are suffering without water, when they get water it is a gift from god, s â€Å"blessing†. I believe that Dharker uses these two techniques combined to set an aural image in the readers mind, this is done by how the onomatopoeia’s are helping the reader imagine how it would be like without water and helping them imagine the sounds and what is going on and sibilance will help the reader image the sounds that are going on in this village also. The value of water to the people in this poem is very great. This is shown by the word â€Å"silver† is being used. Silver is a pun as it has two meanings, one being the colour silver and the other being the value of silver. The poet may have intended to use both meanings as the water is very valuable to the people. Fortune† is used in the third Stanza, this is also a pun. One meaning being luck and how the people are lucky to have this â€Å"blessing†. Money is another meaning for â€Å"fortune† and the people have no money. The poet may want this to affect the reader by using both of these words and both of their meanings to make the reader think about every perspective. The structure indicates the pipe bursting, it shows how at the start it trickles out, this refers to the short sharp opening stanza which had end-stop punctuation. In the second stanza, it increases a little bit more. This will refer to the pipe building up more tension/pressure ready to burst out. In the third stanza, there is a big increase in lines and enjambment is used. Enjambment is when there is no punctuation at the end of a line and this forces the reader to read on and this helps the poem flow well. In stanza 4 the pressure of the pipe is slowly stopping, this is shown by the line length and the amount of lines, these being mainly short and not very many. Dharker gave the poem an irregular structure. The poem does have end-stop punctuation in some places and were it is not this helps the poem flow easier and is better for reading as it does not stop and start. Imtiaz Dharker uses the poetic technique of enjambment. She does this in stanza 3, line 3 and 4. â€Å"Silver crashes to the ground/and the flow has found†. This is an example of enjambment. This will give the poem the effect of it flowing more naturally, this gives the reader the idea of the poem flowing as water does. When the end-stop punctuation stops and the enjambment is being used this will give the effect of the stanza’s flowing easier and better to make it flow as easy as water does. Imtiaz Dharker was boring in Lahore in 1954. She moved to Glasgow of a young age and now speaks and writes in English. She also speaks Indian fluently as well. She now moves form England too India a lot of the time. She originates from India but would class them both as home. She writes this poem to inform of us as fortunate and lucky people that things like this are actually happening. She is showing and informing these people who are oblivious to all of this happening and trying to make them see what she has seen and experienced. This may not be written from experience but she has witnessed what it is to live at both ends of the scale. She has been through what it is like to be wealthy and she has witnesses the complete opposite and feels she to inform us of this. This comes across not being too forcing like some charity appeals are even though this is not a charity appeal it is only telling people that these things go on and let them act how they want in any way possible. This is good as it does not become too forcing for people and they are not pressured in to something and if this affects them enough this may help them act upon their thoughts. She is trying to show us what we take for granted in England. I believe the implications of the title are that they are describing what is happening in the poem. Dharker describes it as a â€Å"blessing† as this will never happen on a daily basis. This is a miracle to the people of this town/village, a gift from god. Grace Nichols – â€Å"Island Man† The main themes of Island Man are; cultural displacement, the value of water, community and freedom. One of the most important themes of Grace Nichols’ â€Å"Island Man† are how island man values water. This is shown in his name as Island Man would imply that he likes to be surrounded by water and this feels homely for him. In â€Å"Blessing† the value of water is also a them, this is shown by how the villagers value the water form the pipe as it is scarce in their village/town, were as in Island Man values water in a different perspective as he has grown up around water and feels it is a part of him. Freedom is a main theme and it is shown by how Island Man had sacrificed his freedom for a better quality of life in some ways. One of these ways being living quality but he has sacrificed what he loves, the sea and water for a repetitive boring life in London. He feels as if everything is too crowded and he is becoming claustrophobic. Were as in â€Å"Blessing† the theme of freedom is in the opposite sense, it shows how the children are innocent by how they are playing and living for the moment. Cultural displacement is shown by how Island Man is lonely and how his life is on repeat every day, where as in â€Å"Blessing† there is a sense of community togetherness and the children having freedom running around playing and how Island Man is on his own and is homesick. Grace Nichols was born in Georgetown, Guyana in 1950. She grew up their and became a teacher and a journalist. She then emigrated to the UK and is a very well known and famous poet. The dedication of the poem Island Man will imply that the Island Man is misplaced. Evidence to support this point is when Grace Nichols suggests he is of mixed nationalities when she writes â€Å"Caribbean Island Man in London†. She does this to make the reader feel sympathetic for Island Man as he does not where his home is. He may have immigrated for a reason and therefore is un-able to go home. She has written this poem for the reader to question Island Man’s morals as he may have been confused of were his home is or were he is most welcome. Free verse gives the poet freedom to write however comfortable for them and how they think is most effective. Grace Nichols uses free verse in Island Man and this has given her to structure her poem however she pleases. An example of this is on the last line of stanza 2 when she spaces â€Å"groggily, groggily† away from the rest of the line. This emphasises how Island Man is feeling and reminds the reader how he feels and what time of day it is. Grace Nichols uses the poetic technique of sibilance through out the poem.[ an example of this is in the first stanza line 2 and 3. the words are â€Å"sounds†, â€Å"wakes† and â€Å"surf†. Sibilance will imply to the reader and will set an aural picture. This picture is that of the seas and the water, the poet wants to set this picture in the readers mind. Sibilance is also used in â€Å"Blessing† for the same sense, to create the scene of what Imtiaz Dharker is seeing in her imagination. This sets a good atmosphere in the readers mind in both poems. Another way in which Grace Nichols emphasises sound is when she says the word â€Å"wombing†. I think she uses the image of a womb to the reader to imagine what it would be like to be in a womb. This being a sanctuary of piece and maybe feeling enclosed, every sound being muffled. This symbolises how Island Man feels claustrophobic, trapped in the imaginary womb. Grace Nichols has made up this word â€Å"wombing†, this may have been because their was no other word that could fit her description she was trying to portray to the reader. Grace Nichols uses this peculiar use of language to show how Island Man is in-between sleeping and waking and how the sounds around him influence what he hears in his dreams. This is most probably the best word that would describe what Grace Nichols is thinking. Grace Nichols uses another technique to emphasise sound, this being onomatopoeia and it is shown by when she says the word â€Å"roar† in stanza 3. This is to emphasise the loudness of the cars, in his dream the cars are interpreted as the â€Å"the sound of the blue surf†. Similar too Imtiaz Dharker’s use of onomatopoeia as she uses these to emphasise the sound of the thing she is describing. In stanza 3 she replaces the word sound, which would have made sense but she chooses to use â€Å"sand†. This shows how Island Man is connected with the Caribbean and dreams of being at home on the beach. Grace Nichols uses repetition in stanza 2 line 6, the phrase is â€Å"groggily, groggily†. This emphasises how Island Man is still half asleep. Groggy means for some to still be very tired and still be feeling like they should be asleep, this is shown in â€Å"Island Man† as he is feeling very tired and feels like this. Repetition will emphasise what the poet want to get across to the reader and in â€Å"Island Man† this creates an atmosphere of being lazy. Personification is uses in stanza 2 line 3. â€Å"The sun is surfacing defiantly† is the example of this. Personification is when you would make an object or thing have human features or feelings. This line shows how the sun is in the Caribbean as in London most days would be dark and overcast. In the Caribbean were Island Man feels most comfortable is where the sun would be. A point to back this up is when Grace Nichols implies it is his island. She does this when she says â€Å"of his small emerald island†. She does this to imply to the reader this is where he feels most welcome at home in the Caribbean with the sun sea and sand. An example of a pun is in the poem were he poet states the word â€Å"emerald† in the sentence â€Å"of his small emerald island†. Imtiaz Dharker also has a use of a pun this being â€Å"silver†. Both â€Å"silver† and â€Å"emerald† are describing colour and fortune/preciousness. One of the meanings of â€Å"emerald† being colour may be describing the green vegetation of the island, the Caribbean and England. Another meaning for â€Å"emerald† is how precious it is. When Grace Nichols uses â€Å"his† in this sentence this shows to the readers that the Caribbean is his own island at heart. This shows the connection that Island Man had with the Caribbean and how he feels alienated in London. A comparison to â€Å"Blessing† would be that they are using a pun for the same reason. This being to show how precious the water/island is to the people/Island Man and how the colour influences the people and Island Man. Grace Nichols uses repetition again in stanza 4 line 1. This is when she repeats the word â€Å"muffling†. Grace Nichols does this to emphasise to the reader how Island Man is still half in a sleeping state. This would also give the effect on the reader that Island Man is talking in his sleeping state. A link back to a quote at the start of the poem would be when Grace Nichols writes â€Å"wombing†. This implies a sanctuary were all the sounds of the outside would be muffled. â€Å"Muffling† will imply that he may be muffling into the waves/creases in this pillow. Grace Nichols chooses the phrase â€Å"his crumpled pillow waves†. I believe this is the best example of how Island Man is homesick and how he feels alienated in both societies. This is because Grace Nichols wants us to think of the crumples in the pillow being the peak of the waves in the middle of the clear blue Caribbean Sea. This gives the effect on the reader that when he is falling asleep all he is thinking about is home, the Caribbean therefore he is dreaming of home and is hearing sounds in London and relating them to sounds at home. For example â€Å"the sounds of the blue surf† is really the â€Å"dull North Circular roar†. He hears sounds in real life and they are interpreted as sounds he wants them to be in his dreams. On the last line of Grace Nichols states a very strong and very blunt phrase, â€Å"Another London day†. This is the most effective line in the poem. This is because it emphasises the monotonous feeling that Island Man has been experiencing. It is very blunt and straight to the point which makes it effective. This shows how repetitive London life is and how Island Man dreams of being in the free Caribbean. Although â€Å"Blessing is about freedom and gain, â€Å"Island Man† is about freedom and loss. A mutual theme is water and it is emphasised in two different ways. They both create different atmospheres using different and similar poetic techniques. I feel that â€Å"Blessing† is a more effective poem and has more context surrounding it.